不同种类甜味剂对甜味感知脑电信号的影响

Effects of Different Types of Sweeteners on Electroencephalogram Signal of Sweet Perception

摘要:

甜味剂作为一种替代糖的食品添加剂,有助于降低食物中的含糖量,在食品工业中得到了广泛应用。食品行业对低热量和天然甜味剂的需求日益增加,为了解甜味剂对人类味觉感知的影响,考察了在不同甜味剂(果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、木糖醇、阿斯巴甜、安赛蜜、赤藓糖醇、甜菊糖苷、山梨糖醇)刺激下,多个电极位点脑电信号在δ波(1~4Hz)、θ波(4~8Hz)、α波(8~12Hz)、β波(12~30Hz)的功率变化。结果显示,位于右额叶的位点F4及位于左顶叶的位点P3在δ波下表现出显著增强(P<0.05),位于左中央区的位点C3和位于右后颞叶的位点P8在θ波下表现出显著增强(P<0.05),说明甜味感知在情绪反应和情感调节中发挥着关键作用；虽然各甜味剂频谱信号中α波和β波变化较弱,但同样提示其对愉悦感的影响。糖类甜味剂、糖醇类甜味剂及高倍甜味剂作为最常见的甜味剂种类,能够与舌上受体结合产生味觉感知,继而通过复杂的信号通路传递给大脑,脑电信号在δ波频段中均出现功率变化。不同种类的甜味剂对味觉感知的影响不同,糖类甜味剂在δ波、θ波、α波引发脑电信号变化；糖醇类甜味剂在δ波、θ波有影响；高倍甜味剂对δ波、θ波、α波、β波均具有影响。不同电极位点在不同频段信号下的差异性反映了大脑对甜味刺激的复杂加工机制,研究结果旨在为人体饮食行为和情绪调节提供一定的参考意义。

Abstract:

Sweeteners as food additives that serve as sugar substitutes, help to reduce the sugar content in foods and have been widely used in the food industry. The demand for low-calorie and natural sweeteners in the food industry is increasing. In order to understand the effect of sweeteners on human taste perception, the power changes of electroencephalograms (EEG) signal at multiple electrode sites in δ waves (1-4Hz), θ waves (4-8Hz), α waves (8-12Hz), and β waves (12-30Hz) under the stimulation of different sweeteners (fructose, sucrose, glucose, xylitol, aspartame, acesulfame, erythritol, steviol glycosides and sorbitol) were analyzed. The results showed that site F4 in the right frontal lobe and site P3 in the left parietal lobe were significantly enhanced under δ waves (P<0.05), while site C3 in the left central region and site P8 in the right posterior temporal lobe were significantly enhanced under θ waves (P<0.05), indicating that their crucial roles in emotional responses and emotional regulation. Although the sweetener spectrum signal changes in α waves and β waves were weaker, they also suggested an influence on the sensation of pleasure. Carbohydrate sweeteners, sugar alcohol sweeteners, and high-intensity sweeteners, as the most common types of sweeteners, could bind to receptors on the tongue to produce taste perception, which was then transmitted to the brain through complex signaling pathways. Power changes in EEG signals occur in the δ wave frequency band. Different types of sweeteners had varying effects on taste perception. Carbohydrate sweeteners induced changes in EEG signals in the δ wave, θ wave, and α wave bands. Sugar alcohol sweeteners influenced the δ wave and θ wave, while high-intensity sweeteners affected the δ wave, θ wave, α wave, and β wave. The differences of different electrode sites under different frequency signals reflected the complex processing mechanism of the brain for sweet stimulation. The research results had certain reference significance in diet behavior and emotion regulation.